The Occurrence of Vaccinia Virus Infection in Cattle Raised in the Caém-Bahia Region: A One Health Issue

Abstract

This study describes the occurrence of Vaccinia virus infection in cattle raised in the rural area of Caém, Bahia, highlighting the potential transmission to workers exposed to infected animals. The research was conducted from February to November 2008 on 14 farms located in the municipalities of Caém, Jacobina, Miguel Calmon, and Várzea do Poço. This observational descriptive study utilized geoprocessing mapping to identify affected areas and clinical evaluation of the animals. Samples collected included scabs, vesicles, and blood serum, which were sent for laboratory analysis focusing on differential diagnoses, such as foot-and-mouth disease and vesicular stomatitis. Results confirmed the presence of Vaccinia virus as the etiological agent. Approximately 14% of the cattle were affected, mainly dairy cows and calves, while adult male cattle showed no symptoms. The study emphasizes the economic and public health impacts of outbreaks in subsistence farming areas, highlighting the need for control and prevention strategies to protect human and animal health.