A dialética das tradições de pesquisa de Alasdair Macintyre
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.31977/grirfi.v20i1.1448Mots-clés :
MacIntyre; Racionalidade; Dialética; Tradição; Filosofia da ciência; Problema do progressoRésumé
Conhecido principalmente por seu resgate da ética das virtudes de inspiração aristotélica, Alasdair MacIntyre é responsável pela criação de uma sofisticada teoria da racionalidade e do confronto entre perspectivas rivais, elaborada sobre uma compreensão acerca do conceito de tradições de pesquisa. A visão de MacIntyre claramente se inspira em discussões oriundas da filosofia da ciência, com as quais mostra importantes pontos de convergência, mas se afasta consideravelmente delas em alguns pontos fundamentais, apresentando-se como uma espécie peculiar de dialética das tradições de pesquisa racional, que por si apresenta um escopo de aplicação mais vasto que o das tradicionais teorias da ciência. Tais tradições substituem, para MacIntyre, unidades presentes nos debates correntes, tais como as teorias, os paradigmas, os programas de pesquisa e os esquemas conceituais. Embora lide com temas como o das crises epistêmicas e o das transições entre perspectivas prima facie incomensuráveis, a ênfase de MacIntyre, é sobre o conflito, por vezes contínuo, entre tradições rivais, o que permite uma abordagem diferenciada face a problemas como o do progresso epistêmico. Trata-se aqui de exibir as linhas gerais do programa macintyreano, abordando de modo particular as aproximações e afastamentos em relação aos cânones das discussões referidas.
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