The debate between the concept of human nature between transhumanists and bioconservatives

Abstract

This article critically examines the debate between transhumanists and bioconservatives concerning the redefinition of human nature through emerging biotechnologies. Transhumanists argue that human enhancement constitutes a moral imperative essential for individuals to transcend their inherent limitations. In contrast, bioconservatives contend that such manipulation of biotechnologies threatens intrinsic values associated with human nature, fostering a homogenization and instrumentalization of humanity that may result in ethical dilemmas and existential risks. By analyzing the philosophical assumptions that underpin both positions, this study elucidates the tension between progress and caution within contemporary biotechnological discourse. The discussions presented throughout this work contribute to a nuanced understanding of how the conceptual boundaries of human nature are both challenged and redefined by technological innovations extending beyond mere enhancement. Furthermore, this article critically evaluates these perspectives, exploring the philosophical and ethical implications of biotechnologies aimed at human enhancement, while proposing guidelines for a balanced approach that respects human diversity and upholds the integrity of fundamental values.